1965 to the nadir scraping dark history in the life of the nation as well Sukarno of Indonesia. At which time , conflict and power struggles that are no longer familiar with the word ' humanity and justice ' . Political instincts ambitious move , wash their own, perched on the reins of power to jointly ejecting and devour Sukarno .
The transition of power in 1965 until five years later , has given rise to tragic events , namely the killing of half a million people in the frenzied atmosphere of the early New Order politics . Sukarno had called for , that the mass murder taking place in East Java and want a massacre is stopped immediately . But ironically , his call was ignored , because the security has been sabotaged by a hidden power control .
Became a common political intrigue when the composition of the cabinet in a parliamentary democracy system implementation was initiated by Sukarno experienced ups and downs . For the individuals who have long been enemies in a blanket , such conditions to provide fresh air to immediately take advantage of the position and seek political reproach . This makes Sukarno began to think to make such a political shield for the survival of his government .
One of the parties that give a strong impetus to reconstruct governance is the Indonesian Communist Party ( PKI ) , which was then chaired by Aidit . This is where the establishment of a common vision among Aidit that carries the communist ideology with the concept that has been settled in the Soekarno thought NASAKOM ( Nationalism , Religion , and Communists ) .
Sukarno was not a communist , but populist ideas contained in communist thinking is understood as one component that is able to change the condition of Indonesia which at the time were not stable . In turn , the existence of which is backed up PKI Soekarno grew rapidly and became the strongest party .
Meanwhile , the military is no less a strategy for competitive influence in the political arena . The implementation of ABRI's dual function system makes an iron fist military is able to move in the political sector . The fact PKI rapidly growing cause for concern in the military , especially the Army ( AD ) . Because if the election was held , the PKI will win an absolute and will automatically become the president of the PKI . For the sake of the power block the rate of the CPI , the AD by cooperating with the Indonesian National Party ( PNI ) successfully proposed and make Soekarno as President for Life , through this means abolished elections .
However , the political implications of the model such that it triggers the conflict spawned a variety of anarchy . With both use Sukarno as ' bamper ' , the heat between AD with PKI increasingly tense so widespread series of uprisings and at its peak , the great tragedy took place in the Movement 30 September 1965 ( G 30 S ) . All efforts are being deployed to sharpen the power of Sukarno 's guided democracy eventually eroded by a variety of political intrigue and interest groups . As a result , Sukarno terjerembam mired in accusations and insults .
Meanwhile , conditions were very unstable society can easily be exploited . Demonstrations and massacres spread throughout December 1965 to early March 1966 . People who have provoked increasingly indiscriminate . The youth and students demanded the government of responsibility for the riots were becoming widespread.
So with consideration of the worsening situation in the country , Sukarno eventually signed a letter sent by Suharto through three emissaries namely Andi M. Yusuf , Basuki Rachmat , and Amir Machmoed . The letter became known as March 11, 1966 Order ( Supersemar ) that is the spearhead of legitimacy for the overthrow of Sukarno .
PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
WARRANT
I. Considering :
1.1 . Depth Revolution today, as well as the state of both national and international politics
1.2 . Command Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces Day / President / Commander of the Revolution on March 8, 1966
II . Considering :
2.1 . Need peace of existence and stability of Government and the path of the Revolution .
2.2 . Need the existence of a guarantee integrity Leader of the Revolution , the Armed Forces and the people to maintain the leadership and authority of the President / Supreme Commander / Leader of the Revolution as well as all the teachings - adjarannja
III . Deciding / Ordered :
To: Lieutenant -General SOEHARTO , MINISTER OF THE ARMY COMMANDER
To : On behalf of the President / Supreme Commander / Leader of the Revolution :
1 . Take any action which may be necessary , for terdjaminnja security and peace and stability the course of administration and path of the Revolution , as well as guaranteeing safety and authority Chairman President / Supreme Commander / Pemimin Big revolution / mandatorily MPRS for the sake of the integrity of the Nation and the Republic of Indonesia , and execute with certainty all the teachings of the Leader of the Revolution .
2 . Coordinate the execution of orders with Commander - Force - Force Commander with the best would be a good other .
3 . In order to report everything which bersangkuta - jointed in duties and responsibilities Then the answer as above .
IV . Done .
Djakarta , March 11, 1966
PRESIDENT / SUPREME COMMANDER / LEADER OF THE REVOLUTION / MANDATARY MPRS
SOEKARNO
In situations of conflict does not go away , the Assembly held a Special Session . In the trial Supersemar more sure , Sukarno 's accountability statement contained in the following Nawaksara complementary rejected by the Assembly . Practically at the time of Sukarno lost his position as the number one in Indonesia. Transition of power fell to the holders Supersemar that Suharto .
Post- it , accrued severe consequences for alleged involvement Sukarno event G 30 S. Even without proof , the New Order regime of Sukarno moved from Jakarta to Bogor Palace as a political prisoner . Under close supervision , health conditions Sukarno began to decline and more vulnerable to disease . Sukarno decided to move to Slate appeared as a decree of the government to immediately vacate the Bogor Palace .
After a few months , Sukarno government granted permission to stay in the guesthouse Yaso Jakarta . Sukarno remained different circumstances , and even more frequent interrogations by Kopkamtib . As a result , psychological and physical condition worsened Sukarno . Mid-1970s Sukarno impaired consciousness , faulty metabolism , so it was decided to be taken to the Army Hospital ( Hospital Gatot Subroto Army ) . Only a few days , extremely severe disease state can no longer make Soekarno survive , on June 21, 1970 Sukarno last breath .
Warrant of March this is the version that is released from the Army Headquarters ( AD ) were also recorded in the history books . Most of the Indonesian historians say that there are various versions of the manuscript Supersemar that was traced Supersemar issued by President Sukarno in Bogor Palace .
· According to one of the three high-ranking army who eventually received the letter , when they read the letter again on the way back to Jakarta , one of the senior officers who then read it commented "Why is khan transfer of power " . It is not clear then the original manuscript Supersemar because a few years later the original manuscript of this letter were missing and no obvious loss of this letter by whom and where the offender 's history of events as " the birth of Supersemar " is already dead. Later , the family M. Jusuf said that there was a script Supersemar M. Jusuf personal documents are stored in a bank .
· According to the testimony of one of the presidential guard at the Bogor Palace , First Lieutenant ( First Lieutenant ) Sukardjo Wilardjito , when a confession written in various media after the 1998 Reform which also marks the end of the New Order and the rule of President Soeharto . He stated that senior officers were present to the Bogor Palace on the evening of March 11, 1966 at 01:00 local time dawn not three but four officers that his next officer Brigadier -General ( Brig ) M. Panggabean . Even at the time , Brigadier General M. Jusuf Supersemar event brought folder bearing the Army Headquarters pink and M. Pangabean and Brig Gen. Basuki Rahmat pointing a gun towards President Sukarno and insisted that President Sukarno signed the letter which he said that the Decree of March is not clear what's inside . Sukardjo First Lieutenant who was in charge of guarding the president , also reply to put the gun in the direction of the generals , but President Sukarno ordered Soekardjo to lower the gun and sheathed it . According to him , the President then signed the paper , and after the signing , President Sukarno told that the situation has been stabilized, the mandate should be immediately returned . The meeting broke up and when the fourth high-ranking officer was returning to Jakarta . Soekardjo President Sukarno told that he must get out of the palace . " I have to get out of the castle , and you have to be careful , " he mimicked the message of President Sukarno . Not long after ( about 30 minutes ago ) Bogor Palace was already occupied and Special Forces troops from the army, First Lieutenant Sukardjo and colleagues subsequently stripped of his bodyguards were arrested and detained in a Military Detention and dismissed from military service . Some have doubted the testimony Soekardjo Wilardjito it , even one of the perpetrators of history Supersemar Gen. ( Ret. ) Joseph M. , and Gen. ( ret ) M Panggabean denied the incident .
· According to testimony A.M. Hanafi in his book " AM Hanafi Sues Suharto coup " , a former Indonesian ambassador to Cuba unconstitutionally dismissed by Suharto . He denied the testimony of Lieutenant Sukardjo Wilardjito who said that the presence of Gen. M. Panggabean to Bogor Palace with three other generals ( Amirmachmud , M. Jusuf and Basuki Rahmat ) on March 11, 1966 morning who guns against President Sukarno . According to him , at that time , President Soekarno stay at the State Palace , Jakarta, for the purposes of a cabinet meeting in the morning . Similarly, all the ministers or most of the ministers have been staying in the palace to avoid the next day when the new comes , the demonstrations that have been huddled in Jakarta . AM Hanafi Alone present at the hearing with the Deputy Prime Minister ( Deputy Premier ) Chaerul Saleh . According to the writings in the book , the three generals that this is what they had to go to the Bogor Palace , to meet President Soekarno who went there first. And he thinks they departed from the previous palace , from palace to call for independence Amir Machmud Commissioner Soemirat , personal bodyguard of President Soekarno in Bogor , asked permission to come to Bogor . And all of that there are witnesses - witnesses . The third general seems to have brought the text , which is called now Supersemar . It was there Bung Karno , but not mugged , because they come in fine. But outside the palace is surrounded demonstrations and tanks in the streets outside the palace . Given such circumstances , it seems Bung Karno signed the letter . So AM Hanafi stated , the knowledge of him , because he was not present at the Bogor Presidential Palace but were in along with other ministers . So yangdatang to Bogor Palace nothing Gen Panggabean . Mr Panggabean , who at that time served as Minister of Defense , was not present .
· About typist Supersemar . Who actually typed the letter , is still not clear . There are some people who claim to type that letter , among others, Lt. Col. ( Ret. ) Army Ebram Ali , at that time as staff Assistant I Cakrabirawa Intelligence .
· Testimony submitted to the foreign historian , Ben Anderson , by a soldier who had served in Bogor Palace . The Army argues that Supersemar letter typed on letterhead Headquarters of the Army , not on presidential letterhead paper . This is the reason why , according to Ben Supersemar lost or intentionally omitted .
Which one is the original , it is not clear up to now . Who knows for sure , is the historical actors , which unfortunately is now residing in the wild there . They are Brigadier -General ( Brig ) M. Panggabean , Brigadier General M. Jusuf , Gen. Basuki Rahmat and Major General Suharto . While Brigadier General M. Panggabean involvement is still debated .
With the Supersemar confusion , historians and Indonesian law says that the events G-30-S/PKI and Supersemar is one of the Indonesian history that is still dark .
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